ลักษณะสำคัญเรื่องมรดก

เมื่อบุคคลใดตายถ้าทำพินัยกรรมไว้มรดกก็จะตกทอดแก่บุคคลที่ผู้ตายได้ระบุไว้ในพินัยกรรม
หากไม่ได้ทำพินัยกรรมไว้มรดกก็จะตกทอดแก่บุคคลที่เป็นญาติและคู่สมรสของผู้ตายดังนั้น
ทายาทที่มีสิทธิในการรับมรดกจึงมีอยู่ 2 กรณี คือ
1. สิทธิตามกฎหมาย ผู้รับมรดก เรียกว่า ทายาทโดยธรรม
2. สิทธิตามพินัยกรรม ผู้รับมรดก เรียกว่า ผู้รับพินัยกรรม
พินัยกรรม คือ การแสดงเจตนากำหนดการเผื่อตายเอาไว้ พินัยกรรมจะมีหลายแบบ เช่น
1. แบบธรรมดาหรือทั่วไป
2. แบบเขียนเองทั้งฉบับ
3. แบบเอกสารฝ่ายเมือง
4. แบบเอกสารลับ
5. แบบทำด้วยวาจา
6. แบบทำในต่างประเทศ
7. แบบทำในภาวะสงคราม
พินัยกรรมทั้ง 7 แบบ มีแบบที่สำคัญซึ่งเป็นแบบที่ง่าย ๆ คือ แบบเขียนเองทั้งฉบับ เพราะเขียน
ด้วยลายมือผู้ทำพินัยกรรมเองตลอดทั้งฉบับ โดยมีวัน เดือน ปี ที่ทำพินัยกรรม มีข้อความตาม
ต้องการ และไม่ต้องมีพยานรู้เห็นในการทำพินัยกรรมแต่อย่างใด

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